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“Cardiometabolic Risks and Severity of Obesity in Children and Young Adults” N Engl J Med,October 1, 2015;373(14): 1307-1317. (click for abstract)
Article Summary
8579 children 3 to 19 years of age children – top 85% of weight
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors measured – cholesterol, LDL, HDL,
triglycerides, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood sugar.
47% overweight, 36% Class I Obesity, 12% Class II, 5% Class III
Body mass index (BMI) is calculated using height and weight.
It is used to estimate body fat.
Overweight (not obese), if BMI is 25.0 – 29.9
Class 1 (low-risk) obesity, if BMI is 30.0 – 34.9
Class 2 (moderate-risk) obesity, if BMI is 35.0 – 39.9
Class 3 (high-risk) obesity, if BMI is equal to or greater than 40.0
With a greater severity of obesity there was increased low HDL, blood pressure,
triglycerides and hemoglobin A1C.
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Nutrition in Medicine – Cardiovascular Disease
(July-August,2015, Sponsored by PCRM.org)
“Plant-Based, No Added Fat or American Heart
Association Diets: Impact on Cardiovascular Risk
in Obese Hypercholesterolemic Children and Their
Parents” J Pediatr 2015; 166:953-9, Macknin M, et al.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684089
Dr. Michael Macknin’s slide presentation at “Nutrition
and Cardiovascular Disease”, 2015, Washington, DC.
Professor of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic (click here
for Power Point slides)
Thirty children (9-18 years of age) and a parent pairs
with each child. A last recorded child body mass index
was >95th percentile and average child’s cholesterol >169 mg/dL.
What Were the Diets?
The Plant-Based Diet:
Whole grains, Fruits, Vegetables, No added oil, Limited
nuts and seeds;No limitations on the amount of food intake;
Animal products are not allowed.
The American Heart Association Diet:
Emphasizes fruits and vegetables; Allows healthy fats;
Low-fat meats; Fish; Low-fat dairy in moderation
Daily requirements; <30% calories from fat; <7% calories
from saturated fat;<300mg cholesterol; <1500 mg of sodium.
Results
Plant significantly lowered – BMI, systolic blood pressure,
cholesterol, LDL, CRP and insulin.
Both PB and AHA Diets lowered (plant greater) – weight, arm
circumference and myeloperoxidase.
AHA had a greater reduction in waist circumference.
Compliance and taste were the same between the two diets.
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WHAT YOU CAN DO
– Shop on the perimeter of the grocery store
– Whole food
– Eat at home more
– Avoid milk products
– Avoid processed carbs – just eat it in its whole state
– Avoid sweetened beverages/sodas
– Less than a palm full of animal food per day
– Get some physical activity
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Kirk
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